Sea Ice Monitoring

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1. Question
Why does the Canadian Ice Service shift the focus of its operation to different parts of the country over the course of a year?
- Budget constraints require flexible CIS operations to meet ice mapping needs at different times of year.
- As the environmental conditions (i.e. temperature) change seasonally over the vast marine areas of Canada, the presence of sea ice changes and the ability to navigate in the ice – and therefore CIS ice charting focus – also changes.
- The operations are guided by different ocean current regimes throughout the year, affecting sea ice distribution and mapping requirements.
Question 2 of 3

2. Question
Why is SAR essential for the Canadian Ice Service?
- Because access to optical remote sensing data is limited.
- Because SAR offers weekly image acquisition over important ice-covered areas.
- Due to the vast extent of territory and territorial waters, seasonal darkness and cloud cover, SAR is the ideal tool for monitoring dynamic ice conditions.
- Due to the need to fill the egg charts daily, SAR is the most economical and reliable data source.
Question 3 of 3

3. Question
How are ice dynamics changing?
- In the past, it was rare to see the Northwest Passage (NWP) open in any one year but since 2012, the NWP has been open most years leading to an increase in cruise ships and adventurers.
- Climate change and changing ocean currents in the Arctic Ocean are slowing down the flow of sea ice in Canadian waters.
- Global warming and increased shipping in northern latitudes are affecting the movement of ice floes during the summer months.
- Melting of large ice sheets produces a greater number of icebergs and impacts sea ice movement.

nesrin s.

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